Study of Lightweight Concrete Behaviour - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 12 Words: 3609 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/09/21 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? 77 PROPERTIES OF LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE MANUFACTURED WITH FLY ASH, FURNACE BOTTOM ASH, AND LYTAG Yun Bai, Ratiyah Ibrahim, and P. A. Muhammed Basheer Queen’s University, Belfast, U. K. Abstract Fly ash (FA), furnace bottom ash (FBA) and Lytag (LG) were used in the current study to replace ordinary portland cement (OPC), natural sand (NS) and coarse aggregate (CA), respectively, and thereby to manufacture lightweight concrete (LWC). Two control mixes containing no replacement materials were designed with a 28-day compressive strength of 20 N/mm2 and 40 N/mm2. For each compressive strength, three different mixes, viz. (a) 100%OPC+100%NS + 100%CA, (b) 100%OPC + 100%FBA + 100%LG and (c) 70%OPC + 30%FA + 100%FBA + 100%LG, were manufactured with slump in the range of 30 ~ 60 mm. The density, compressive strength, pull-off surface tensile strength, air permeability, sorptivity and porosity of the concretes were investigated. The results indicated that it is possible to manuf acture lightweight concrete with density in the range of 1560-1960 kg/m3 and 28-day compressive strength in the range of 20-40 N/mm2 with various waste materials from thermal power plants. However, the introduction of FBA into concrete would cause detrimental effect on the permeation properties of concrete. With part of OPC replaced with FA, the strength decreased, but the permeability of the resulting concrete improved. 1. Introduction Lightweight concrete (LWC) has been successfully used since the ancient Roman times and it has gained its popularity due to its lower density and superior thermal insulation properties [1]. Compared with normal weight concrete (NWC), LWC can significantly reduce the dead load of structural elements, which makes it especially attractive in multi-storey buildings. However, most studies on LWC concern â€Å"semilightweight† concretes, i. e. concrete made with lightweight coarse aggregate and natural sand. Although commercially available lig htweight fine aggregate has been used in investigations in place of natural sand to manufacture the â€Å"total-lightweight† 78 International Workshop on Sustainable Development and Concrete Technology concrete [2, 3], more environmental and economical benefits can be achieved if waste materials can be used to replace the fine lightweight aggregate. Lytag is one of the most commonly used lightweight aggregates, which is manufactured by pyro-processing fly ash (FA), while FA and furnace bottom ash (FBA) are two waste materials from coal-fired thermal power plants. They are, respectively, lighter than traditional coarse aggregate, OPC and natural sand. The previous investigations carried out by the authors on using FBA from a thermal power plant in Northern Ireland as a sand replacement material indicated that FBA could be a potential fine aggregate in NWC for certain applications [4, 5]. However, the application of FBA in structural LWC is not well defined. Therefore, th e current study investigates the possibility of manufacturing structural LWC with FA, FBA and Lytag 2. Experimental Program 2. 1 Materials The cement used was the Class 42. 5N portland cement supplied by Blue Circle, U. K. , complying with BS 12: 1991 [6]. For the control mixes, the coarse aggregate used was 10 mm crushed basalt and the fine aggregate used was medium graded natural sand complying with BS 882: 1992 [7]. Both materials are from the local sources in Northern Ireland. They were oven dried at 40oC for 24 hours and cooled to 20oC before using in the manufacture of concrete. The FA and FBA used were supplied by Kilroot Power Station in Northern Ireland, U. K. The FBA was dried firstly in an oven at 105oC for 24 hours and then allowed to cool for 24 hours at 20oC. The FBA that passed 5 mm sieve (hereafter FBA sand) was used to replace natural sand. The Lytag used was with a size of 8 mm and was supplied by Finlay Concrete Products, Northern Ireland, U. K. It was also ove n dried at 40oC for 24 hours and cooled to 20oC before casting. Table 1 reports the chemical compositions of OPC, FA, FBA and Lytag. The specific gravity and 1-hour ater absorption of basalt, natural sand, FBA sand and Lytag are reported in Table 2. Fig. 1 presents the particle size distribution of basalt, natural sand, FBA sand and Lytag. 2. 2 Mix proportions Two control mixes containing OPC, basalt and natural sand were designed for a 28day compressive strength of 20 N/mm2 (Series M) and 40 N/mm2 (Series H) respectively, for a slump in the range of 30-60 mm. For each control mix, 30% of OPC, 100% of natural sand, and 100% of basalt were then replaced with FA, FBA, and Lytag, respectively. The binder content (OPC or OPC + FA) was kept the same as that of the control mix for each series when the natural sand and basalt were replaced with FBA and Lytag, respectively. Yun Bai, Ratiyah Ibrahim, and P. A. Muhammed Basheer 79 Table 1: Chemical composition of cement, PFA, FBA, and Lyta g Oxide OPC FA FBA composition (%) SiO2 20. 6 59. 01 61. 78 Al2O3 5. 7 22. 8 17. 8 Fe2O3 2. 9 8. 8 6. 97 CaO 63. 6 2. 38 3. 19 MgO 1. 8 1. 39 1. 34 Na2O 0. 12 0. 74 0. 95 K 2O 0. 75 2. 8 2 SO3 3. 2 0. 27 0. 79 Cl 0. 01 0. 01 LOI 1. 5 6. 7 3. 61 Table 2: Property of aggregates Property Basalt Specific gravity (S. S. D. ) 2. 91 1-hour water absorption (%) 1. 1 FBA Sand 10 0 Lytag 53. 19 26. 3 10. 26 2. 02 1. 45 0. 96 3. 99 4 Natural sand 2. 66 1. 1 Natural Sand FBA sand 1. 58 32. 2 Lytag Lytag 1. 52 12. 31 Basalt Cumulative percentage passing (%) 80 60 40 20 0 0 . 0 1 0 . 1 1 10 10 0 Nominal ape rture siz e of te st sie ve (mm) Fig. 1: Particle distribution of FBA sand, natural sand, Lytag, and basalt For each series, three different mixes were studied. Mix 1: 100%OPC+100%NS+100%CA (control). Mix 2: 100%OPC+100%FBA+100%LG. Mix 3: 70%OPC+30%FA+100%FBA+100%LG. The water content (and therefore W/C) of Mix 2 and Mix 3 was adjusted by carrying out trials so that the workability measu red in terms of slump was in the range of 30-60mm. The volume ratio between the fine aggregate and the coarse aggregate for each test series was kept the same as 80 International Workshop on Sustainable Development and Concrete Technology that obtained for the respective control mix. The resulting mix proportions, which were used in this investigation, are reported in Table 3. Table 3: Mix proportions (kg/m3) and properties of fresh concretes Mix No M1 M2 M3 W/C 0. 65 0. 4 0. 2 Cement 330 330 231 FA 99 Free Water 215 132 106 Sand 820 FBA 552 562 Basalt 1040 Lytag 616 627 Measured Measured Slump Air Content (mm) (%) 27 51 43 2 5 5 H1 H2 H3 0. 47 0. 32 0. 29 460 460 322 138 215 147 133 715 477 473 1025 602 599 50 30 34 1. 2 5 5 2. 3 Batching and mixing For each mix, the required quantities of the constituents were batched by weight. The water required for 1-hour absorption by the aggregates (basalt, natural sand, FBA sand and Lytag) was added to the mix water in addition to the free water shown in Table 3. Different mixing procedures were used for NWC and LWC, which are described below. Mixing procedure for NWC (control): The manufacturing of NWC was carried out based on reference 8. Approximately half the basalt, all the natural sand and the remaining basalt were added, in this order, evenly into the pan. The aggregates were mixed for 30 seconds. The mixing was continued and about half the mixing water (i. e. free water as shown in Table 3 plus that required for 1 hour water absorption) was added during the next 15 seconds. After mixing for a total of 3 minutes, the mixer was stopped and the contents were left covered for 15 minutes. The cement was then added evenly over the aggregate. The mixer was started and the mixing was continued for 30 seconds. The mixer was then stopped and any material adhering to the mixer blades were cleaned off into the pan. Without delay, the mixing was recommenced and the remaining mixing water was added over the next 30 s econds. The mixing was continued for 3 minutes after all the materials were added. Mixing procedure for LWC: The procedure given in the Lytag Information Document [9] was used to modify the manufacturing procedure for the LWC. About half the mixing water (free water as shown in Table 3 plus that required for 1 hour water absorption) was added. Then all the Lytag and all the FBA were added in this order, evenly into the pan [9] and mixed for 3 minutes. The mixer was stopped and left covered for 15 minutes. Thereafter, the procedure was the same as that for the NWC. Yun Bai, Ratiyah Ibrahim, and P. A. Muhammed Basheer 81 2. 4 Specimen preparation and curing For each mix, nine 100-mm size cubes were cast to determine the compressive strength at the age of 3, 7, and 28 days. At 28 days, the same cubes used for compressive strength were also used to test the density at saturated-surface dried (SSD) condition. Three 250x250x110-mm slabs were cast to investigate pull-off tensile stre ngth, permeation properties and porosity of the concrete at the age of 28 days. All specimens were cast in two layers and compacted on a vibrating table until air bubbles appearing on the surface stopped. They were left in the mould in the laboratory at 20( ±1)oC for one day and then removed from the moulds. After that, they were cured in water at 20( ±1)oC for two days, and then wrapped in polythene sheet and left in the laboratory at 20( ±1)oC until they were tested. The three-day specimens were tested immediately after removing from the water bath, instead of wrapping in polythene sheet. ) 2. 5 Details of tests For each mix, the air content and workability (in terms of slump) of the fresh concrete were measured. The air content was measured by following a procedure given in BS 1881: part 106: 1983 [10]. The slump test was carried out in accordance with BS 1881: Part 102: 1983 [11]. At the age of 3, 7, and 28 days, the compressive strength was determined by crushing three 10 0-mm cubes in accordance with BS 1881:Part 116: 1983 [12] and an average of the three values was obtained. Prior to the compressive strength test at the age of 28 days, the cubes were used to test the SSD density by following BS 1881: Part 114: 1983 [13]. At the age of 28 days, the slabs were dried at 40( ±1)oC and 22( ±1)% Relative Humidity (RH) in a drying cabinet for two weeks and then cooled to room temperature 20( ±1)oC for one day. The air permeability and water absorption (sorptivity) were tested on three slabs per mix by using the â€Å"Autoclam Permeability System† [14] on the mould finished face and average values of both the air permeability and the sorptivity were calculated. The surface tensile strength was measured by carrying out the Limpet pull-off test [15] at two locations on the mould finished surfaces of the three slabs immediately after the permeation test. All the six results were averaged and reported. After the pull-off test, one ? 75-mm co re was taken from each of the slab and the water absorption test was carried out by following BS 1881: Part 122: 1983 [16]. The porosity of the concretes was then calculated based on the volume of the voids occupied by the absorbed water. 82 International Workshop on Sustainable Development and Concrete Technology 3. Results and Discussion 3. 1 Properties of fresh concrete Fig. 2 shows the free water content for different mixes. It can be seen that when the FBA sand and Lytag were used to replace natural sand and basalt, respectively, the water demand of the concrete decreased. This is attributable to the spherical/round particle shape of both FBA sand and Lytag [4, 17], which, compared to the angular particles of sand and basalt, have a â€Å"ball-bearing effect† and thus reduce the water demand of the fresh concrete. When 30% of the OPC was replaced with FA in both series, there was also a water reduction compared to the mix 2. This is again attributable to the  "ball-bearing effect† of the FA particles. Therefore, it can be seen from the above results that when FA, FBA and Lytag were used to manufacture lightweight concrete, the water demand of the concrete decreased. 300 Free Water (kg/m3) 250 200 150 100 50 0 100%OPC+100%NS+100%CA 100%OPC+100%FBA+100%LG 70%OPC+30%FA+100%FBA+100%LG M H Series Fig. 2: Free water content of NWC and LWC 3. 2 Density Table 4 reports the density of hardened concrete at saturated-surface dried (SSD) condition measured at 28 days. It can be seen that when natural sand and basalt were replaced with FBA sand and Lytag respectively, there was a significant reduction in the density of hardened concrete for both series. This suggests that the low density of both FBA sand and Lytag is beneficial to produce LWC. When FA was used in mix 3 to replace 30% of the OPC, the density was further reduced. This, again, is due to the lower density of FA compared to that of OPC. Thus, it can be concluded that the low dens ity of FA, FBA and Lytag is a benefit for manufacturing lightweight structural concretes. In the current study, the SSD density in the range of 1560-1960 kg/m3 was achieved. Yun Bai, Ratiyah Ibrahim, and P. A. Muhammed Basheer Table 4: Density (kg/m3) of hardened concrete at 28 days (SSD) M1 M2 M3 H1 H2 1977 1725 1559 2471 1952 83 H3 1819 3. 3 Compressive strength Fig. 3 presents the compressive strength of both series at 3, 7, and 28 days. Fig. 4 illustrates the relationship between the 28-day compressive strength and the SSD density. In Fig. 5, the contribution of different mix to the compressive strength is compared in terms of the specific strength, i. e. , ratio of strength to relative density. From Fig. 3 it can be seen that when the FBA sand and Lytag were used to replace natural sand and basalt respectively, different effects can be observed for series M and H. In series H, the compressive strength decreased from H1 to H3 at all the ages. However, in series M, this tre nd was visible only for the 3-day results. At the age of 7 and 28 days, there was an increase in strength when the NS and CA were replaced with FBA and Lytag, respectively. As indicated in Fig. 4, except for one data point corresponding to mix M1, there is a linear relationship between the density and the compressive strength, i. . the compressive strength is directly proportional to the SSD density of hardened concrete. This indicates that the lightweight was achieved at the cost of reduction in the compressive strength. Nevertheless, it is still possible to manufacture LWC with SSD density in the range of 1560-1960 kg/m3 and 28-day compressive strength in the range of 20-40 N/mm2. 60 60 Comp. Strength (N/mm2) 40 Comp. Strength (N/mm2) M1 M2 M3 H1 40 H2 H3 20 20 0 3 7 Age (Days) 0 3 7 28 28 Age (Days) (a) Series M (b) Series H Fig. 3: Compressive strength of NWC and LWC 84 International Workshop on Sustainable Development and Concrete Technology M1 M2 M3 H1 H2 H3 25 Comp. Streng th (N/mm2) 60 100%OPC+100%NS+100%CA 100%OPC+100%FBA+100%LG 70%OPC+30%FA+100%FBA+100%LG Specific Strength 1600 1800 2000 3 50 40 30 20 1400 2200 2400 2600 20 15 10 5 0 M H Density (kg/m ) Series Fig. 4: Compressive strength vs. density Fig. 5: Specific strength of NWC LWC Fig. 5 indicates that the specific strength for M2 and M3 are higher than M1, which suggests that for the same weight of concrete, LWC provided marginally higher compressive strength than NWC. For series H, the specific strength for H2 and H3 are lower than H1. However, the difference was small. Therefore, it can be concluded that FA, FBA and Lytag can be favorably used to manufacture medium strength LWC. In the case of high strength concrete, these replacements would result in decrease in compressive strength of the concrete. 3. 4 Pull-off surface tensile strength Fig. 6 presents the results of the pull-off test. It can be seen that, for Series M, the surface tensile strength of M2 and M3 are higher than that o f M1, and that of M2 is equal to that of M3. However, for Series H, the pull-off tensile strength of H2 and H3 are lower than that of H1, and the value for H3 is also lower than that for H2. Thus, in terms of the pull-off surface tensile strength, FA, FBA and Lytag have a beneficial effect on medium strength LWC, but a slightly adverse effect on highstrength LWC. Yun Bai, Ratiyah Ibrahim, and P. A. Muhammed Basheer 85 6 100%OPC+100%NS+100%CA 100%OPC+100%FBA+100%LG 70%OPC+30%FA+100%FBA+100%LG Surf. Tens. Strength (N/mm2) 4 2 3. 5 Permeability The near surface permeation property was evaluated by using the â€Å"Autoclam Permeability System. † Figs. and 8 show the air permeability and sorptivity results, respectively. It can be seen that when FBA sand and Lytag were used to replace natural M H sand and basalt to manufacture LWC, Series the air permeability dramatically increased. From Fig. 2, it can be seen Fig. 6: Surface tensile strength of that, due to the water reduction effect NWC and LWC of FBA and Lytag, the free water of mix 2 for both series is lower than mix 1. Since the binder content was the same for all the mixes in each series, the decreased free water content would result in a decreased free waterbinder ratio, which should have decreased the air permeability [18]. In addition, although the particles of Lytag are quite porous [17], they have no effects on the air permeability of LWC [19]. Thus, the increased air permeability should be attributable to the porous particles of the FBA sand [5]. However, the air permeability indices of Mix 3 for both series are lower than mix 2, but still higher than mix 1. The decrease of the air permeability indices of mix 3 can be considered to be due to the physical filling effect and pozzolanic reaction of FA, leading to the densification of the pore structure. This reveals that the increased air permeability caused by the porous FBA particles can partly be compensated by the FA. However, since the slabs were only 28 days old, the pozzolanic reaction has not fully developed. Thus, a long-term study is required in order to investigate any possible further beneficial effect of FA on the LWC. 0 1. 60 100%OPC+100%NS+100%CA 100%OPC+100%FBA+100%LG 70%OPC+30%FA+100%FBA+100%LG 6. 00 100%OPC+100%NS+100%CA 100%OPC+100%FBA+100%LG 70%OPC+30%FA+100%FBA+100%LG 1. 20 0. 80 0. 40 0. 00 M Sorpt. Index (M3*10-7/min0. 5) Air Perm. Index (ln(bar)/min) 4. 0 2. 00 0. 00 M H Series H Series Fig. 7: Air permeability of NWC LWC Fig. 8: Sorptivity of NWC LWC 86 International Workshop on Sustainable Development and Concrete Technology The sorptivity result in Fig. 8 indicates that when natural sand and basalt were replaced with the FBA sand and Lytag, the sorptivity indices for both series were higher than the corresponding control (mix 1). This is mainly attributable to the porous FBA and Lytag particles. However, when FA was used in mix 3 to replace 30% of the OPC, the sorptivity did not decrease a s it did in air permeability. Thus, the FA has no beneficial effect on reducing the sorptivity of LWC at 28 days. On the contrary, the sorptivity increased. Again a long-term study is required to investigate any further beneficial effect. 3. 6 Porosity The porosity result is reported in Fig. 9. The trend was similar to that of air permeability in Fig. 7, i. e. , when natural sand and basalt were replaced by the FBA sand and Lytag respectively, the porosity of LWC increased. However, when FA was used in mix 3 to replace cement, the porosity was lower than mix 2, but still higher than mix 1 for both series. The result further confirms that whereas FBA sand and Lytag increase the porosity of LWC, the FA would partly compensate the detrimental effect caused by FBA sand and Lytag on the porosity and air permeability. 12. 00 100%OPC+100%NS+100%CA 100%OPC+100%FBA+100%LG 70%OPC+30%FA+100%FBA+100%LG Porosity (%) 8. 00 4. 00 0. 00 M Series H Fig. 9: Porosity of NWC LWC 4. Conclusions à ¢â‚¬ ¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ By using FA, FBA and Lytag, it is possible to manufacture lightweight concrete with density in the range of 1560-1960 kg/m3. In terms of ontribution to the compressive strength by per unit weight of concrete, FA, FBA, and Lytag can be beneficially used to manufacture medium strength concrete. LWC incorporating FBA and Lytag resulted in an increase in the permeability; by replacing 30% of OPC with FA, the permeability of LWC could be improved. In order to manufacture durable LWC, measures should be taken to further improve the permeation property. Acknowledgments The FBA for this research was supplied by Connexpo (N. I. ) Ltd and, the Lytag was supplied by Finlay Concrete Products (N. I. ). The facilities provided by the School of Yun Bai, Ratiyah Ibrahim, and P. A. Muhammed Basheer 87 Civil Engineering at Queen’s University, Belfast, are gratefully acknowledged. Mr. Yun Bai is in receipt of the Overseas Research Students Award at Queenâ€℠¢s and is on leave of absence from Ningxia Communication Department, China. Ms. Ratiyah Ibrahim was funded by the Government of Brunei. References 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. Chandra, S. and Berntsson, L. Lightweight aggregate concrete: science, technology and applications. Noyes Publications. Berra, M. and Ferrara, G. â€Å"Normal weight and total-lightweight high-strength concretes: A comparative experimental study,† SP-121, 1990, pp. 01-733. Kayali, O. A. and Haque, M. N. â€Å"A new generation of structural lightweight concrete,† ACI, SP-171, 1997, pp. 569-588. Bai, Y. and Basheer, P. A. M. â€Å"Influence of Furnace Bottom Ash on properties of concrete,† Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Structure and Buildings 156, February 2003, Issue 1, pp. 85-92. Bai, Y. and Basheer, P. A. M. â€Å"Properties of concrete containing Furnace Bottom Ash as a sand replacement material,† Proceedings of structural faults and repair (CD-ROM), London, July 1-3, 2003. British Standards Institution. â€Å"Specification for Portland Cements,† BSI, London, 1991, BS 12. British Standards Institution. â€Å"Specification for Aggregates from Natural Sources for Concrete,† BSI, London, 1992, BS 882. British Standards Institution. â€Å"Method of Mixing and Sampling Fresh Concrete in the Laboratory,† BSI, London, 1986, BS1881: Part 125. â€Å"Lytag: an introduction to Lytag concrete,† September, 1996. British Standards Institution. â€Å"Method for Determination of Air Content of Fresh Concrete,† BSI, London, 1983, BS1881: Part 106. British Standards Institution. â€Å"Method for Determination of Slump,† BSI, London, 1983, BS 1881: Part 102. British Standards Institution. Method for Determination of Compressive Strength of Concrete Cubes,† BSI, London, 1983, BS 1881: Part 116. British Standards Institution, â€Å"Methods for determination of density of harden ed concrete,† BSI, London, 1983, BS 1881: Part 114. Basheer, P. A. M. , Long, A. E. and Montgomery, F. R. â€Å"The Autoclam: A new test for permeability,† Concrete, July/August, 1994, pp. 27-29. Long, A. E. and Murray, A. M. â€Å"Pull-off test for in-situ concrete strength,† Concrete, Dec. 1981, pp. 23-24. British Standards Institution. â€Å"Method for determination of water absorption,† BSI, London, 1983, BS 1881: Part 122. Swamy, R. N. and Lambert, G. H. â€Å"Microstructure of Lytag aggregate,† The International Journal of Cement Composites and Lightweight Concrete (3), November 4, 1984. 88 International Workshop on Sustainable Development and Concrete Technology 18. Long, A. E. , Basheer, P. A. M. and Montgomery, F. R. â€Å"In-site permeability testing: A basis for service life prediction,† Proceeding of the Third CANMET/ACI International Symposium, Aukland, New Zealand, ACI SP-171, pp. 651-670. 19. Bamforth, P. B. â€Å"The prope rties of high strength lightweight concrete,† Concrete 21(4), April 1987, pp. 8-9. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Study of Lightweight Concrete Behaviour" essay for you Create order

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Race and Magazine Covers Free Essays

Race and magazine covers is a sociological issue in the society today. Most magazine covers all over the world today select disproportionately the cast that is featured on their covers. Certain features on the magazine cover also get repeat appearances hence making it an issue in the society today. We will write a custom essay sample on Race and Magazine Covers or any similar topic only for you Order Now A magazine cover matters since the individuals that appear on the cover are the ambassadors of commercial appeal, beauty and success. The impression of the faces projected on the magazine covers has a visceral impact. There is a danger that is presented through diversification of the models in the magazines while the covers remain white as it sends a message of hierarchical beauty standards which suggests that the models of color have their place that is not on the covers of magazines. This paper will use the three major classical sociological theories to explain and explore the race and magazine covers issue. Conflict Theory Conflict theory was suggested by Karl Marx and it claims that the society is in a state of continuous conflict as a result of competition for the limited resources, (Ritzer et all. 2017). The theory holds that social order is maintained by domination and power and not consensus and conformity. According to Karl Marx in the conflict theory, the individuals that have wealth and power in the society try to hold on to it by all means possible mainly through the oppression of the poor and powerless individuals in the society. The continuous conflicts in the society drive social change. in conflict theory, power is the control of resources and wealth, politics and the institution that constitute the society and an individual’s social status relative to others within the society. social status is not determined by only class but by the race, gender, culture, sexuality and also religion. The groups that are associated with race and magazine covers include the models, celebrities in various industries like music, fashion and acting. The group that has historically benefited when it comes to power in race and magazine covers are the white celebrities who appear on the covers. Most magazines use white models as compared to color models however powerful, famous, and wealthy the color model may be, (Schug, et all. 2017 pg. 222). The ideology associated with the topic of race and magazine cover is colorblindness that is depicted in the society today. the public has to take note of the issue of race and the refusal to take leads people to ignore manifestations of persistent discrimination in the society. The powerful groups benefit in various ways including the fact that through having constant coverage on covers, they are able to maintain their powerful status in the society easily. the other way that they benefit is that it makes them more powerful in the society. Internalized oppression is where an oppressed group uses methods the group that oppresses them against itself. It works when a group or individuals recognize a distinct inequality of value when compared to another group of individuals resulting in the desire to be like the more highly valued group. internalized oppression can lead to conflict and discrimination in the group, (Schug, et all. 2017 pg. 222). The color models experience internalized oppression when it comes to race and magazine covers since they receive little credit hence they have a feeling of inferiority thus strive to be like the white models who get coverage on magazine covers. Structural Functionalism Structural functionalism is a theory that views the society as a system that is complex whose parts jointly work together to promote stability and solidarity, (Ritzer et all. 2017). Structural functionalism takes a closer look at the society with a focus on social structures which shape the society. the approach looks at the social structures and social functions. The two functions associated with race and magazine covers include advertising and stability. They are both manifest functions which are deliberately intended to have an effect on the society, (Sherry and Mark 2015 pg. 490-492). The kind of stability that the issue of race and magazine covers offer is where those groups involved identify themselves with certain positions on magazines and accept the positions without having to push for social change. Symbolic Interaction Theory Symbolic interactionism is a theory that provides a better understanding of how individuals interact with each other in a bid to create symbolic worlds and the world ends up shaping the behaviors of the individuals, (Ritzer et all. 2017). individuals live in the natural environment and also the symbolic environment. Symbolization in symbolic interactions highlights the processes through which events and conditions, people, and other features in the environment which have particular meanings become almost only objects of orientation. The behavior of individuals is partly contingent on what the object of orientation symbolizes or means. The three symbols associated with race and magazine covers include style, beauty and celebrity lifestyle. Interactions and language assist in reinforcing the ideas on race and magazine by providing a platform which is easy to understand and relate to each other in the society. interactions and language also help in ensuring that individuals share different views and ideas hence assisting in the modification of ideas related to the issue of race and magazine covers, (Thibaut and John 2017). Cultural ideas related to race and magazine covers are learnt through the reading of popular culture which allows individuals to share their emotions, thoughts and deliberations in the society. References Ritzer, George, and Jeffrey Stepnisky. Modern sociological theory. SAGE Publications, 2017. Schug, Joanna, Nicholas P. Alt, Philip S. Lu, Monika Gosin, and Jennifer L. Fay. â€Å"Gendered race in mass media: Invisibility of Asian men and Black women in popular magazines.† Psychology of Popular Media Culture 6, no. 3 (2017): 222. Sherry, Mark. â€Å"Fantasies of identification: disability, gender, race.† (2015): 490-492. Thibaut, John W. The social psychology of groups. Routledge, 2017. How to cite Race and Magazine Covers, Papers

Bussiness Strategy About Samsung free essay sample

Samsung Electronics Company (Samsung Electronics or â€Å"the company†), a part of the Samsung group, is one of the leading consumer electronics brands in the world. The company primarily operates in Asia, Europe and Americas. It is headquartered in Seoul, South Korea and employs about 157,701 people. Samsung Electronics Company (Samsung Electronics or â€Å"the company†) is engaged in the manufacture and distribution of consumer electronics, communication products, semiconductor products and home appliances. The company, a part of the Samsung group, operates through a number of subsidiaries. Samsung Electronics operates through three business segments: digital media and communications, device solutions, and others. By that reason, it is very important for Samsung to identify its position in retail market and prepare a strategic plan which the organization can apply to sustain its competitive advantage and overcome competition in future. [pic] 1. 1 Explain Samsung Electronics strategic contexts and terminology – missions, visions, objectives, goals, core competencies. Mission : statement defines the function and the main purpose of the organization, and it requires the organization to answer the question â€Å"Why do we exist? There are two kind of environment which can be analyzed, the macro and micro environment. The PESTEL model can be useful when analyzing the macro environment, and discussing about Porter’s five forces model is the good way to identify the micro environment of Electronics. The PESTEL model and Porter’s five forces model in case of Samsung Electronics. + The PESTEL model: It can be devided into six factors. †¢ Political †¢ Economic †¢ Socio-cultural †¢ Technological †¢ Environmental/ecological †¢ Legal The economic environment. After â€Å"Doi Moi† in 1986, Vietnamese economy has been developing dramatically. It can be seen in the increase of the average annual growth rate every year, and Vietnam has been categorized into the group of the fastest growth countries in the world. The minimum salary of Vietnamese has also increased stably during years. Beside that, being the member of ASIAN and WTO brings many benefit for the trade relationship of Vietnam. It is very significant for the import and export factor in Vietnam. The socio-cultural environment. With the big population of 86 million, Vietnam can be one of the most potential consuming goods market in the world. Moreover, over half of the 86 million people is under 30 years old, and 94% under 65 years old, so the population is very young. It means that the labour force of Vietnam is strong enough and can adapt for any kind of business, and it is also very important due to the preference of shopping of the young people. The technological environment. Following the increase of the economy, the technology in every part of Vietnam industry is aslo change positively. Many producers in Vietnam are now using the machines instead of human because there is no more barrier for them to import the technology from the developed countries. Additionally, the IT in Vietnam is also having a good developing period. Vietnamese enterprises understand that using IT in managing and producing is a very important ways for them to reduce the risk in doing business. Beside that, the IT infrastructure is not a weakness of Vietnamese any more. The people can now communicate with everywhere on the earth by using the internet or phones. The physical environment. Vietnam is a tropical country, and most of the developing parts of Vietnam has a good weather condition for any kind of business. By analysis the external environment of Samsung Electronics, we can identify the important factors that will make an influence to planning decision and can also review the resources of company in order to apply a right strategy. The external environment audit is conducted based on PESTEL analysis. The PESTEL analysis is for Vietnam market. ? Political environment: Political can affect strongly to the operating of Samsung Electronics. In a country has a bad government, the potential for Samsung sells their products in here is very low. That is why having a good political environment help companies can concentrate to develop and expand their business through the public policy on competition and consumer protection. Besides, a good political system also helps Samsung Electronics maintain and improve the physical, social and market infrastructure. ? Economic environment: Vietnam is a member of the WTO, the business environment of Vietnam is more and more improved. Compared to other countries in the region and the world about the level of development, Viet Nam is lagging quite far distance so has a lot of disadvantage in competition on the market. Competition will take place more cutthroat. in this factor, it features some elements that can make a huge impact to Samsung Electronics. These elements will include the rate of inflation, the exchange rate or the rate of growth in the economy in a nation. If a country have a high rate of inflation and the low rate in gross domestic product, it can be difficult for Samsung Electronics to sell in there. So Samsung chooses Vietnam for expand their business because the quality of life and people tend to buy more Samsung’s product so company should make a good business strategy to apply in this country. Social and cultural environment: Each country has different cultural values. Thus, the organization must understand the unique culture of the place and select target market for one’s own business. For a foreign organization, there are bound to be language barriers (most obvious factor). Ensure that the labels on the packaging is in Vietnamese if youre selling a product, It features long-term social trends and people‘s beliefs and attitudes. For example, before Samsung Electronics want to sell their goods in a new market, they need to research about the habit of customer to know what they expect from the product. Besides, they also need to research the population structure in order to know the age that frequently purchases their product. Therefore, they can create available business strategy to meet the demand of customer and help company can be easy to approach a new market. ? The technological environment: The new technologies significantly change the production and marketing of LG Electronics in Vietnam. For example, Samsung Electronics used more machines in production, thus; it needs less workers. In addition, the modern technologies lead to the improvement of product quality. Furthermore, according to BPP (2010), technology has also changed the ways people work. People nowadays can work and communicate through email and video conference. Regarding to marketing, in addition to traditional methods of advertising such as television, radio, email, etc, Samsung Electronics nowadays can advertise products on social network, including Facebook, Twitter, and Google plus, etc. ? Physical environment: It consists of factors such as weather, geography which relate to natural condition. The natural environment can effect on organization’s operations. For example, Vietnam is a country has a lot of plentiful resources. That is why Samsung Electronics can come and exploit the raw material in there and use it to make product. However, the natural environment also brings a bad condition for Samsung Electronics too. Vietnam is a country with the hot weather so it can be effect to the maintenance’s ability of Samsung Electronics product. ? Legal environment: All operation of the Samsung Electronics must follow the law and regulation. There are some laws that Samsung Electronics should consider carefully when they enter to a market. For example, when they hire employee, they also have to follow the law of taking care of the health and safety for their employee. For government, Samsung Electronics also need to pay the corporation tax on time and when they make revenue reporting, they have to be honest in listing their revenues to government. Porter fives forces ? The threat of new entrants: It is noted that â€Å"new entrants could change major determinants of the market environment (e. g. market shares, prices, customer loyalty) at any time. There is always a latent pressure for reaction and adjustment for existing players in this industry† (The manager. org, 2010). The new entrants of Vietnam market is mostly local companies. It is noted that those local companies use cost-leadership strategy, manufacturing and selling low price product to capture market share. Therefore, it is threat for Samsung Electronics market share. ? The threat from substitute products: According to Themanager (2010), a threat from substitutes exists if there are alternative products with lower prices of better performance parameters for the same purpose. They could potentially attract a significant proportion of market volume and hence reduce the potential sales volume for existing company in the market. Samsung has a lot of competitors in the world such as Toshiba, Sony, Nokia, LG, AB Electrolux, etc. they also provide same products and services which will make the customers are confused when they buy a new products. To compete with other competitors, Samsung Electronics must develop its technology; make the differences about characteristics, design, quality and prices. We will apply Samsung Electronics to SWOT Matrix for understand more strategy of Samsung Electronics in the market [pic] (http://www. zanthus. com) – S-O: focus on Vietnam market and make product conforming to living patterns. Increase marketing capabilities to the upscale market. – S-T: Samsung Electronics constantly creative and development to create the best product and difficult to fake or replaced. Leverage use of RD and marketing to compete on market. – W-O: Samsung will try to protection of environment and human health and safety. Not to images of Samsung Electronics is negatively affected by product recall instances and lawsuit. – W-T: new building management system business and the cost to improve management capacity and competitiveness of Samsung Elecronics. 2. 3 Explain the significance of stakeholder analysis. For any organization on over the world, the role of stakeholders are very important for their activities, and the power of stakeholders might affect the management’s choice of strategy. It is also true for Samsung, so the stakeholders analysis is very significant for the organization. For any organization on over the world, the role of stakeholders are very important for their activities, and the power of stakeholders might affect the management’s choice of strategy. It is also true for Coop Mart, so the stakeholders analysis is very significant for the organization. The effect of Sangsung’s key Stakeholders. Managers and employees: They are the people who directly work for the company, and are responsible for making business decision of Samsung. The business strategies usually are set by the managers, so if they make wrong decision, it may cause many negative effects for Samsung. Moreover, the employees can be considered as the face of the business. Therefore, their bad attitude would destroy the image of Samsung on the customers. Suppliers: Suppliers’s role are very important for Samsung. They supply the products for the business activities of the company due to the retailer position of Samsung, so the most reliable and quality suppliers can bring biggest benefit. In fact, if there is anything wrong with the products of the suppliers whether inside or outside the chain, it will also harm Samsung. Customers: Vietnamses people who directly bring the profit to Samsung. The more customers come to Samsung the more profit Samsung can get. By that reason, the good overestimate of the customers is very effective for the increase of Samsung. Competitors: The competitors are also considered as key stakeholders of Samsung. They are doing the same business as Samsung, retailing, and are sharing the retail market with Samsung. Any activities of them can affect negatively or positively Samsung’s business. Internal stakeholders: employee and manager. Connected stakeholder: shareholder, customer, and suppliers. External stakeholder: government, Interest groups. According, stakeholder analysis enables Samsung Electronics to indentify ? Stakeholders interests ? Mechanisms to influence other stakeholders ? Potential risks ? Key people to be informed about the strategyt during the execution phase ? Negative stakeholders as well as their adverse effects on the strategy Furthermore, Samsung Electronics can evaluate the power of different stakeholder. In this case of conflicting between stakeholder’s objectives, company can satisfy the objectives of prioritized stakeholders rather than the ones of less important stakeholders. Thus, it might enable Samsung Electronics to have better performance. Conclusion This report is an overview of the factors that may affect the development of strategies in the future of Samsung Electronics. By using several techniques, Samsung can have a feedback of its difficulties. Based on more data in this report, Samsung Electronics can have enough knowledge to have the good strategy in running business in Vietnam. It is mentioned in the methods by which companies can apply when they are analyzed to show the strengths and weaknesses of Samsung Electronics .

The Investigation Into the Death of Jill Dando Essay Example

The Investigation Into the Death of Jill Dando Essay On 26th of April 1999, TV presenter Jill Dando was shot in the side of her head with a modified gun at close range, on the doorstep in front of her house on Gowen Avenue. A neighbour, Helen Doble, who originally thought Dando had been stabbed, found her body, who subsequently called the emergency services. Jill Dando was taken to Charing Cross Hospital nearby, yet was declared dead on arrival. Operation Oxborough was established, a two year long investigation. Police were initially bombarded with information that bore no evidence or leads for the investigation, for which extra staff and resources were needed. While nobody appeared to have witnessed the crime, many came forward with sightings of men near the scene around the time of the crime. The first suspect was a man who had waited at the bus stop on Fulham Palace road, boarded a bus, yet got off before his supposed destination. Witnesses say that this man was sweating and looked agitated. Police learned that Jill Dando had been shot around 15 minutes previously, and therefore the sweating man became their first suspect. The man was described as 59 to 510, medium build in his late 30s, having a round face, dark complexion and being clean shaven. However, after producing the following E-fit, police began to realise that perhaps this man was not their murderer, but may have been a witness. 1 The E-fit of the sweating man The sweating man never came forward. We will write a custom essay sample on The Investigation Into the Death of Jill Dando specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Investigation Into the Death of Jill Dando specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Investigation Into the Death of Jill Dando specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer After this line of enquiry fell through, the police began to interview anyone associated with Jill Dando. This was an extensive line of enquiry as the police searched through and contacted almost 500 people listed in her filofax, examined around 14,000 emails sent to the BBC and examined all her letters and phone messages. Following this, a Range Rover had been singled out as it failed to stop at a red light shortly after the murder, in Fulham. In the process of tracking this car down, police also investigated the details of 1200 vehicles. The case had barely progressed for 6 months, counting a list of 2000 suspects. Police then contacted profiling experts in the United States, who suggested that the crime was more likely to have been committed by an obsessive stalker. This helped to narrow down the list of suspects from 2000 to 140, those of whom had an unwholesome interest in Jill Dando. They began to concentrate on a man who they had received messages about in the days after the murder, called Barry George, who lived 800 yards away from Jills home, and was described as an oddball. Following a surveillance operation, his flat was searched three times where they found circumstantial evidence such as newspaper clippings, and what may have possibly been gunshot residue, linking him to the murder. By May 2000, Barry George was arrested and charged with the murder of Jill Dando, despite his alibi. The police then began to prepare witnesses for trial, conduct identity parades and continued to gather information to counter his alibi. However, Barry George has always protested his innocence, and many appeals have been turned down. Barry George originally came under suspicion as he was acting agitated during appointments with his housing association and GP, the day of the murder. Two days later, he began asking if people could verify what he was doing the day Jill was shot. The police involved in the investigation had been told hat he was odd and owned air rifles. Much of the evidence obtained during investigation was circumstantial, and in this review the evidence will be looked at critically. * Books and magazines on firearms were found in stacks during searches of Barry Georges flat. The prosecution used this as evidence to base the claim that Barry George was a loner who was obsessed with firearms. This was also supported by the finding of a single particle of gunshot residue in his coat pocket. However, these magazines dated back to the 1980s, during the time which he had joined the TA in 1981, but left after he failed his training. After leaving he attempted to join a firearms club but was turned down. On two separate occasions he had shown a friend a gun, and fired a blank from a gun. However, there is no evidence that this interest had continued into the 90s, especially not over a period of 20 years when Jill Dando was shot. Furthermore, controversy surrounds the sole particle of GSR. The forensic scientist called as an expert witness during the trial said that after using SEM (scanning electron microscope), he was able to compare the particle with particles from a test fire using a similar bullet which was used in the murder, and he concluded that the particle found could have come from the cartridge case which was found at the scene, as they were both made up of barium, aluminium and lead. Particles found in Jill Dandos hair and on her coat were also made up of the same compounds. However, these particles may have been the same type but there was no way of distinguishing whether the particle had come from the murder weapon, as this was never found for comparison. Furthermore, the police said that when they entered the property, they had not gone in with guns. New witnesses have come forward; a retired church minister and an airport worker say that the officers were armed when they went in. They would themselves have had gunshot residue on their hands and could have easily contaminated the coat. Furthermore, these searches did not occur until a year after the murder, and therefore, it may not necessarily be gunshot residue from the murder.

The Atom essays

The Atom essays Our understanding of the atom has changed remarkably over time. At one point, it was considered a solid object. Now, the atom is considered to have a cloud for its electrons. We believe that our notion of the atom has had many changes, and will continue to change until we get it right. The first scientist was Sir Isaac Newton. True, the atom was not his greatest achievement, but he had a mutual association with it. The latter part of Newton's book Optiks is a series of speculations on the atomic nature of matter, indicating how some of matter's properties are to be understood in terms of atoms. (http://physics.hallym.ac.kr/education/qm/mitqm/804f/.html) Newton needed the atom to help him write this book. Robert Boyle was similar to Newton in his association with the atom. Boyles work in chemistry was aimed at establishing the atom as a rational theoretical science on the basis of a mechanistic theory of matter. Boyle was a skillful experimenter who insisted that experimentation was an essential part of scientific proof . (http://webpub.allegheny.edu/employee/g/grodgers/ScientificTravelingWebsite/Boyle.html) The atom also helped the famous chemist Mendeleev. Mendeleev was the chemist that made the periodic table. Mendeleev used the atom to help sort elements. He listed the elements by their atomic weight, (explained again in Daltons paragraph). Also the smallest form of an element is the atom. We now know that the number of electrons, protons, and neutrons differs within each atom. (chemsoc.org/viselements/pages/history.html) John Dalton furthered our information on the atom. Dalton's main step forward was his introduction of atomic weights. He discovered the law of multiple proportions, which states that when several distinct reactions take place among the same elements, the quantities entering the reactions are always in the proportions of simple integers, 1 to 1, 2 to 1, 2 to 3, and so...

Journal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 10

Journal - Assignment Example Bush: cowboy diplomacy, the Iraq war and America’s lowest standing on the international stage. In the coming weeks, Obama advisers plan to release a list of national security â€Å"surrogates† — high-profile Democrats like former Secretary of State Madeleine K. Albright and Wesley K. Clark, a retired general — who will write newspaper op-ed articles, give speeches and take Mr. Romney to task every time he opens his mouth about foreign policy, Obama advisers said. The plan is to draw a contrast between Mr. Obama — who, his advisers say, kept his word on ending the Iraq war, going aggressively after Al Qaeda and restoring alliances around the world — and Mr. Romney, who will be portrayed as playing both sides of numerous issues. â€Å"He was for and against the removal of Qaddafi, for and against setting a timetable to withdraw our troops from Afghanistan, for and against enforcing trade laws against China, and while he once said he would not move heaven and earth to get Osama bin Laden, he later claimed that any president would have authorized the mission to do so,† said Ben LaBolt, press secretary for the Obama campaign. The more aggressive posture is a break from the past, when Democrats on the national stage battled against the perception that the party was not as committed as Republicans were to a strong defense and an aggressive response to terrorism. Mr. Obama himself, during the 2008 campaign, drew criticism from both Republicans and his primary opponent, Hillary Rodham Clinton, for what they called his naà ¯vetà ©, particularly over his willingness to talk, without preconditions, to American foes like Iran. But Mr. Obama’s victory that year over Senator John McCain, a Vietnam War hero, was in part a result of an electorate weary from years of combat in Afghanistan and Iraq. Now, with a record that includes winding down the Iraq war and killing Bin Laden, coupled with the success of the military strikes in Libya and the removal

I dont have topic on mind you can choose an easy one Research Paper

I dont have topic on mind you can choose an easy one - Research Paper Example Plagiarism is a prevalent but disturbing subject in academic societies all over the world. Many students today plagiarize past papers as well as various research papers when writing their research papers or assignments.  There are even websites that have been established to deal with the sheer need of students for people to help them in locating sources for their academic assignments. There are many websites today that allow students to pay complete strangers to do their assignments for them (Perelman, 128). Plagiarism was formerly simply referred to as copying. It was still as frowned upon as it is today, but the word plagiarism carries greater weight than the word ‘copying’. Many tertiary institutions punish students who engage in plagiarism; but this has not really dissuaded the practice. In fact, plagiarism appears to be on the rise. ‘Copying’ was not considered to be a serious issue before 1700 A.D. This is because prior to 1700 A.D., any written mate rial that was in existence was not considered to be the personal property of others, but as special messages of God. Therefore, any person who copied written texts was not considered to be trying to pass another’s work as his own, but just to be imitating the written work. In England, the first law against copying the works of others was passed in 1710 (Kantz, 83). This development is thought to have come about as a result of the developments of the printing press. The Protestant reformation also began to recognize the value of individual ownership. Although there was a lot of objection to the new law outlawing ‘copying’ another’s work, it would become more accepted in the 1890s. The word ‘plagiarism’ comes from the Latin term â€Å"plagiarus† which means â€Å"abductor† or â€Å"kidnapper†. Even though it is ethically wrong for a person to portray the ideas and concepts of others as his or her own, the laws concerning wha t constitutes plagiarism are hazy at best. For instance, one would be forced to say that in ghost writing, which is an accepted form of authorship in literary circles, the author that lends his or her name to the ghost writer is ethically wrong if plagiarism is strictly to be defined as taking credit for another’s work. Additionally, all movie stars who hire writers to write their acceptance speeches, or even politicians with writers in their payroll can also be said to be engaging in a form of plagiarism. This is because in reading their speeches, these celebrated people take credit for another person’s ideas and thoughts by passing these speeches as their own. Another kind of plagiarism that is not penalized in literary circles is â€Å"honorary authorship† where an overseer of a laboratory who hardly contributed at all to the research is mentioned in a research paper as a co-author. Another variety of plagiarism is in government circles where higher ranking o fficers use documents written for them by their subordinates and pass them off as their own. It is quite unreasonable to stress to students that plagiarism of any kind is wrong and will be penalized when here is a very different reality in the working world. The real world has a serious problem in overlooking different types of plagiarism while students are penalized even for insinuating ideas that their lecturers believe

Young Goodman Brown. Theme of your choice of good and evil Research Paper

Young Goodman Brown. Theme of your choice of good and evil - Research Paper Example The puritan beliefs that man was inherently sinful tend to be biased against society in favor of their own self-righteousness out of grace. Through the story of Goodman, Hawthorne criticizes the hypocrisy of the Puritan liturgy by creatively designing Goodman’s journey to self-discovery through personal reevaluation that ultimately ends in the loss of his own faith. Goodman as the protagonist of the story is a universal character, typical of every other man in the universe (Hawthorne 561). This story is strikingly a dark romance story in the period of American Romanticism because it depicts sad and dark events; moreover, in this story, Hawthorne deals with the theme of Good and Evil as two opposing forces in society. The basic argument is that man is constantly faced with the internal conflict about his personal belief, and this is because of the struggle between the forces of good and the forces of evil. Hawthorne affirmatively states that the forces of evil are so strong tha t one is more likely to stray from the path of righteousness to the path of evil and darkness. Man being inherently sinful, he has  to defeat evil by remaining steadfast in his faith, but this is not often easy as we see through Goodman’s woes that lead to him losing his faith; he encounters the devil who is in his own resemblance (Hawthorne 554). The major characters of this story have been given names that suggest a deeper meaning than the surface one, in a deliberate fashion that supports the theme of Good and evil. Goodman for instance points out that the said character is a good man, pure in actions and free from evil. As such, Goodman appeals to the reader as a sympathetic character who has fallen victim of circumstances;  Faith  on the other hand  metaphorically represents his religious beliefs, through which he hopes to attain eternal life.  He believes in her earthly purity and innocence and later in the story,  it emerges that she also represents his per sonal faith. It is faith that keeps Goodman from indulging in evil; this is captured aptly through Goodman’s encounter with the devil in the forest where he excuses his lateness by the delay caused by his wife Faith. This highlights his internal conflict that is informed by man's  general predisposition to evil, and his religious beliefs that prohibit him from freely doing evil. Once Goodman learns that his wife is lost, his personal faith is lost too, and Goodman is totally lost from the righteous path. Apart from the Characters, the setting of the story has been used to highlight the theme of Good and evil in a manner that evokes greater significance in the plot of the story; thus, Hawthorne’s choice of a dense forest setting was purposeful and not merely coincidental. Forests have largely been associated with darkness and dangerous malevolence that could befall any unsuspecting person. Goodman alludes to this myth when he gets a notion that there could be evil beh ind every tree in the forest waiting to attack an innocent individual. In this regard, the forest setting symbolizes evil in its pure form with its deep secrets and darkness that portents mystery. By agreeing to walk in the forest, Goodman starts being compromised in his whole being as he begins to doubt his beliefs in the knowledge he already had about his forbiddance from the forest area. Goodman’s gradual walk deeper into the forest metaphorically represents his gradual straying from good to evil. Deeper into the forest, there is dense darkness that totally blinds Goodman’s eyesight thus highlighting the fact that his morality is getting darker and darker by the moment as he continues to walk in the fo

Tata Nano Cars In The New Zealand Market Marketing Essay

Tata Nano Cars In The New Zealand Market Marketing Essay Globalisation is the trend which has an impact on countries, organisations and peoples. Global markets help organisations to do their business on a worldwide scale (Bradley, 2005). This report is divided into five sections. In section first it describe about the chosen Indian automobile company which is Tata motors and the chosen product which is Tata Nano car. It also discussed the rate in which the car is sold and who are target customer and where product is marketed. In section second it describe marketing situation about the car. Further, it presents a review of the product and explaining its features as to why the car has to be launched in New Zealand which is the target country. Moreover, pricing strategy is mention which is followed by the promotion techniques. In section third it consists of objectives of it and in section fourth implementation of the marketing strategy is done by analyzing the present marking and giving ideas to market the car. Finally, in section fifth futu re research about the product is carried out. 1. Overview about the company Tata Nano is the cheapest motor-car in the world. It is traded in domestic nation, India for about Rs 1 Lakh (Guardian, 2010). It is constructed by Tata motor limited, the biggest vehicle industry in India. Its chairperson, Mr. Ratan Tata envisions that Tata Nano to turn out to be a peoples car which is cheap for everyone (Tata, 2010). Tata Nano was started in India on 1st April 2009 and anticipated in Indian marketplace by July 2009(Tata, 2010). While launching, it has made an enormous buzz among the Indians. By the initial of launching, it has encountered by 5500 registrations for the car (Tata, 2010). Since from launching, the production of the car is still growing high. Target market and customer If 4 wheels cost as small as two wheels, that would quickly alter among the people. Last year about seven million scooters and motorcycles were traded in India, generally among 30,000 INR to 70,000 INR, about 936 NZD to 2185 NZD (Times of India, 2010). Tata is aiming a cost of 100,000 INR as a single of 100 thousand, by Indian conditions of evaluation or about 3122 NZD at present to replace the rates, for that motor-car. Its impossible that which is affordable in the west however persists three times upper than Indias yearly per capita money. The medium wage for industry employees at Tata motors is just $5500 per annum (Gupta, 2009). There are three kinds of model available of Tata Nano car that are Tata Nano, Tata Nano cx and Tata Nano lx (Tata, 2010). In most of the countries the Tata Nano car is introduced. Here the target place is New Zealand marketplace. So, due to warm climate in New Zealand, exclusive Tata Nano cx shall be launched in New Zealand. The retailing cost of Tata Nano cx in New Zealand will be NZD 5746.90 as a whole. With this price, the focus of the marketplace is wide for the company as the average income of the people is NZD 838.70 per month (New Zealand Income Survey, 2009). So, the company can target the people who need their own transportation facility and desire to have luxurious in a very low cost. 2. Situational Analysis 2.1 Product review à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ There are three variants in the Tata Nano stage: Tata Nano, Tata Nano cx and Tata Nano lx (Tata, 2010) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Exclusively the Tata Nano cx variant could be prefaced in the New Zealands marketplace for the initial phase à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Tata Nano lx shall prefaced in the New Zealands marketplace since the subsequent years the motor-car has attained its base expense by minimizing costs on needless luxuries, the fundamental Nano car approaches unless frontage and back fog glows, unless a heater or ambience disciplining, unless anti-lock brakes, single windscreen wiper, manually functioned windows, guidebook steering with nothing ambience purses, small 12 wheels, plastic body portions added with paste besides of more traditional metal and welding and a two cylinder 623 cc locomotive that renders a big highest speed of 65 mph (approximately 105 km/h) (Dhingra,2009). 2.2 Stylish and comfortable The peoples car, planned with a component of mind, has a spacious passenger compartment with benevolent leg gap and head room. It can be contentedly placed by 4 members. 4 doors with elevated seating places create ingress and egress. Length with a distance of 3.1 meters, breadth of 1.5 meters and an altitude of 1.6 meters, with sufficient land clearance, it can effortlessly access on busy roads in metropolises as fine as in countryside fields(Infibeam, 2010). Its mono-mass plan, with wheels at the corners and the power train at the back, facilitates it to unique aggregate of the couple space and the ability of movement that shall group a standard between little cars. 2.3 Fuel-efficient engine The peoples car has a back-wheel drive, all aluminum, two-cylinder, 523 cc, 33 PHS, multi point fuel infusion petrol locomotive (Infibeam, 2010). This is the initial occasion that a two-cylinder gas locomotive is being applied in a car with a one balancer ray. The lean plan strategy has availed to minimize the load that aids to maximize the activity as a whole expended and renders elevated fuel accuracy. Activity is ascertained by particularly planned electronic locomotive administration. 2.4 Environment-friendly The peoples car tailpipe releases the activity beyond the restrictive necessities. In conditions of total pollutants, it has a less pollution than the two-wheelers being constructed in New Zealand nowadays. The elevated accuracy also assures that the motor-car has less carbon dioxide emissions, thereby offering the twin advantages of a cheap transportation solution with a less carbon footprint (Guardian, 2010) 3. Financial Analysis 3.1 Pricing strategies The cost expense is an approximated USD 2,420 that involves importing revenue, responsibilities excise, trades revenue, shipment costs and gathering cost. The retailing expense for the New Zealand marketplace is comprehensive of principle supplements; however omit road revenue (NZD 29.40), listing payments (NZD 62.90), number plate (NZD 21.00) and possession endorsing payment (NZD 21.00), trades revenue (NZD 574.70) that numbered to NZD 134.20(New Zealand Govt., 2010). The on-the-road expense shall be NZD 6624.80.those issues replicate a strategy for accepting a portion from found competitors, such as peroduas paradigm of kancil and viva (Farris, et al 2009). 3.2 Setting the price selecting price objectives Tata Nano New Zealand has a group of three aims in its attempt to place itself in the New Zealand moving marketplace. The aims are: survival, highest current incomes and highest market income. Survival Strong contest from New Zealands latter motor-car producer, perodua for a portion of the moving marketplace chapter for the under 1,000 cc sort shall spur Tata Nano New Zealand to assure that the motor-car expense conceals the variable costs and certain determined costs. In this example, existence is a concise word goal as in the lengthy execution, Tata Nano New Zealand shall append rate such as joined security characteristics to the Nano stage (Omar, 2009). Highest current incomes Tata Nano New Zealand has a group of expense that shall enlarge the present earnings, currency run and continues on asset, later than accepting into assumption the requirement and costs committed. As this sort of little overseas cars chapter has not been absolutely tested by other producers, hence the requirement is alternatively hard to approximate however Tata Nano New Zealand is self-assured of a better acknowledgement that towards the entrance in the New Zealand markets (Times of India, 2010). Highest market income For the New Zealand marketplace, Tata Nano shall execute the marketplace-diffusion pricing that is to group a low expense for a recent motor-car in sequence to lure a huge number of customers and a huge marketplace portion. This shall be finished by accomplishing the elevated trades and their outcomes in low costs, admitting the industry to reduce its expense. The base-expense entrance shall render New Zealand customers with a feasible option to perodua -New Zealand latter federal motor-car. More relaxation is anticipated as New Zealand implements the Asian independent sale domain contract that commits the New Zealand regime to reduce the overseas motor-car taxes (Michael, 2009). 3.3 Total sales estimation The expenditure choice of 100 thousand INR is absolutely moving to create a numerous people that transit to four-wheeler fold and that will burst the requirement (Tata, 2010). The fundamental cause was the certainty that the aim of the expenditure will modify the four wheeler sector. It was chosen to group the organisation with 500 thousands car per year capability and increase upward in levels, with expand of small car in marketplace requirement (Fill, 2006). 4. Advertising and promotion 4.1 Promotion strategies The actual missions are to boost the Tata Nano in New Zealand and to expand the trades periodically. Tata Nano is very recent for New Zealand, they sense new with their recent trademark and procedure of this motor-car. Thus the goal for promotion plan is their objective to build trademark consciousness and procedure/information of this recent motor-car Tata Nano. This is the cheapest motor-car in the world and explodes into the global marketplace in the concise occasion. However this is the recent trademark for the New Zealand, thus it performs the announcement and manages the occasion or operation in adequate information to constitute the better trademark approaches (Gillespie et al, 2007). Trademark consciousness is essential to render the establishment for trademark fairness. The target to build, preference, certainty, and buy a Tata Nano motor-car it can perform the evaluation with other cars that are very expensive. However, company shall convince the consumer that the company will provide a trial to drive the Tata Nano for before purchasing it and will also render its guarantee for Tata Nano (Shah, 2008). 4.2 Promotion tag line Tata Nano peoples car Why we constitute this label line? This is to create that all the New Zealand people to memorize that Tata Nano is for the people. Tata Nano is for security and it can migrate universally by Tata Nano name with the peculiar entertaining for the people, however it just want to wage all of this at lesser expense -pay fewer and obtain more. Along that the people can enjoy their globe size and cost expenditure (Cadbury, 2008). 4.3 Online advertisement Initially, the launching of Tata Nano in New Zealand will be done by online announcement. The company will develop a website for intercommunication with their customer. In the website, the company will upload photos and videos of the car and will ask for the feedback from the customer. These help people to get latest news about Tata Nano and gap for common acknowledgement. More than that, blogs have turned out to be an essential outlet that is routinely updated by online diaries. Blogs is bestowing collectively by people with general interests. They differ in broad and can impact enormous listeners due to numerous web clients to study blogs. The company can constitute the web blogs network and cautiously supervising to determine out what is on peoples mind. This is a cheapest and better manner to construct trademark consciousness (Schmidt Hollensen, 2006). 4.4 Television advertisement Television announcement is very costly however this is the most effectual to carry out the Tata Nano to the common people by showing Tata Nano properties and persuasively explaining their equivalent customer advantages. By lesser announcing spending plan, the company cant perform the TV announcement in altogether day (Srivastava, 2008) thus it can select the occasion time (7pm 11pm) for the announcement. 4.5 Radio advertisement Most of the New Zealand people hear to the radio day-to-day. Presently they have numerous services suchlike as mp3, hand phone and so on, is expedience for the people to hear the radio anytime at anyplace; this is an affordable and pervasive average for manufacturers to build the trademark consciousness by often hearing the announcement and the trademark identity. Benefits of the radio announcement are versatility, fast acknowledge and also more effectual media for reaching teens (Mooij, 2003). 4.6 Newspaper advertisement Along with the radio, most of the New Zealand people also read the newspaper daily. Thus this is better way for marketing the product (Alexander, n.d). Due to it company can obtain wide adoption and better reputation among the local people and it is cheaper also. 5. Objectives The objective of company is to fast-grow and accomplishing the aims for three years of the markets. First year goal is to accomplish 25,000 units of trades acquiring the market and to obtain the highest percentage. Second year goal is to accomplish 10% for expanding in periodical establishment (NZD 20381.00). Third year goal is to accomplish major people using Tata Nano by the end of 2014. 6. Implementation 6.1 Business and marketing analysis Tata motors limited is Indias biggest vehicle industry, with incomes of Rs. 35651.48 crores (used 8.8 million) in 2007-08(Brokersreport, 2008). It is the organizer in marketable automobiles in every chapter, and between the peak three in passenger automobiles with succeeding commodities in the constriction, midsize motor-car and usefulness vehicle sectors. The industry is the worlds 4th biggest truck producer, and the worlds latter biggest motorbus producer (Guardian, 2010). In March 2008, Tata motors adopted Fords UK depend motor-car brands Jaguar and Land rover (BBC news, 2008). As per the Ratan naval Tata (chairperson of Tata team), the requirement for the creation which is similar to Nano that has obtained to perform somewhat for the people of India and for their traveling, unavailability and bad feature of long travel is a general difficulty in India. So with this, Tata Nano is made as a safer mode of travel (Tata, 2010). The following will be key strengths and weakness within the company and describes the opportunities and threats facing Tata Nano. 6.2 SWOT Analysis Strengths The internationalization strategy thus distant has been to retain native directors in recent gains, and to exclusive transplant a pair of superior directors from India into the recent marketplace. The advantage is that Tata has capability to replace the expertness. The industry has a prospering federation with Italian bulk manufacturer fiat since 2006(Marketingteacher, 2010). This has improved the merchandise portfolio for Tata and fiat in conditions of generation and information change. For instance, the fiat polio elegance is started by Tata in 2007, and the parties have a contract to construct a select-upward that was aimed at middle and South America (Yoginvora, 2009). Weaknesses The industrys passenger motor-car commodities depends on 3rd and 4th production platforms, which places Tata motors limited at a demerit with opposing motor-car producers. It is frequently not recognized that in English the term tat implies garbage (Marketingteacher, 2010). Opportunities In the summer of 2008 Tata motors proclaimed that it have profitably purchased the Land Rover and Jaguar brands from fords motor (Marketingteacher, 2010). Two of the worlds comfort motor-car trademark have been joined to its portfolio of brands, and shall undoubtedly to the industry. The opportunity to marketplace automobiles in the comfort sector Tata motors limited adopted Daewoo motors marketable vehicle trade in 2004 for approximately used $160 lakhs (Marketingteacher, 2010). Nano is the cheapest motor-car in the world selling more than a motorbike. The recent and emerging industrial countries suchlike India, South Korea and china shall have a thirst for low-cost passenger and marketable automobiles. The stage of wonderful Milo fuel proficient buses is powered by wonderful-proficient, eco-friendly engines. The motorbus has optional biological grab with booster aid and best ambience intakes that shall decrease fuel expenditure by 10% (Marketingteacher, 2010). Threats Other opposing motor-car producers have been in the automobile industry for more than 40-50 years (Marketingteacher, 2010). Hence the Tata motors have to grasp in conditions of feature and lean generation. Sustainability and environmentalism would imply additional costs for this base-cost manufacturer. This would influence its underpinning spirited benefits. Apparently, as Tata globalizes and buys other brands this difficulty would be improved (Doole Lowe, 2005). Since the industry has concentrated on the marketable and little vehicle sectors, it has to explicit to the contest from abroad parties for the emerging Indian comfort sectors. Recently, in Pune city Mercedes Benz has decided to build 5000 car per year (Marketingteacher, 2010). Other participants of growing comfort cars aimed at the Indian marketplace that contains ford, Honda and Toyota. Growing companies in the international financial system which would pose a danger to Tata motors limited on a pair of faces. The rise in the cost of steel and aluminum is putting force on the costs of generation. The Tatas commodities which run on diesel fuel are turning very expensive for internationally and for inside its conventional domestic marketplace (Yoginvora, 2009). 6.3 Product strategies The product strategy that shall be accommodated direct product elongation that is trading the motor-car in an additional overseas marketplace unless some alteration was made. This is due to the products growth and its cost, constructing alters, or recent promotions (Bhanot, 2008). The Tata Nano cx, consisting of all the characteristics explained in the previous product study division, shall be traded with 3 yr guarantee or 100,000km guarantee, either approaches the initial stage. The company shall preface the Tata Nano lx since the subsequent annum, later than we have found our Tata trademark. The trademark and logo shall be showed on the motor-car as fine as in all trading sectors. 6.4 Branding Brands analyze the resource or producer of a product and permit the customers Persons or organisations which will allocate its problems for its activity to a specific producer. Marketing is endowing with commodities and facilities with the influence of a trademark. Its all about making dissimilarities among commodities. For marking plans to be prospering and trademark rate should be made, customers should be satisfied and there are significant dissimilarities between brands in the product or sustainable sort. In Tata nanos example, the marketing strategy is applied to the companies identity merged with single product names. This companys identity legitimizes and the identity individualizes the recent product (McDonald, 2007). 6.5 Marketing analysis Launching code is very essential for placing that the role of planning Tata Nano and picture to employ in New Zealand in the minds of the targeted marketplace. Launching code is also a single for the promotion plans to construct consciousness, via launching at common midpoint Tata motor shall preface the Tata Nano to marketplace. The company focus on trading operation that shall take position at all the IPTA and IPTS that can manage the convocation, by offering merchandise show and sign; and the people can have the knowledge with Tata Nano by rendering the chances to drive Tata Nano in the campus (Doore Lowe, 2005). For this operation, the title is better outlook with Tata Nano. In their processing existence however they cannot provide to purchase the too costly motor-car; multinational young people just want the motor-car that is under their financial system and by it in concise period for about 2-3 years for their adolescent existence in New Zealand. This is the cheapest cost by o ccasion or operation in the campus (Baden, 2008). Thus it can focus on lesser money team with module particularly these are arrived from New Zealand or India. By the e-mail, telephone, fax, email to intercommunicate with them. Low on historical, more of the Malay or India shall purchase the motor-car in some reasonable cost. Raya with Tata Nano can be the topic for our operation at this era, and boost the Tata Nano as the cheapest and security (Cadbury, 2008). After the arrival of Nano, New Zealand will have the mega trades due to the recent annum in the stop of the annum at altogether New Zealand thus that they have numerous people and shall move for purchasing. The company can manage the occasion at purchasing in midpoints. In New Zealand such as klcc, mid-valley, betrayal and sungai wang by offering merchandise show and sign (Bradley, 2005). Very soon most of the employees in New Zealand shall obtain the incentive in this era thus for buying influence will expand. The company shall perform the road display at each state (altogether New Zealand). The company can used the road display at the midpoint of the market such as the entire marketplace at all the state. Numerous people come to the marketplace for purchasing vegetable and essential entities. Among, them most of are ladies or housewife. Certain of them move to markets by motorcycle or by motorbus. So, they are aim trades for the company (Cadbury, 2008). The company can boost Tata Nano to it such as, Tata Nano is the cheapest motor-car in the world, obtain the Tata Nano to be latter motor-car for their module person particularly for their kids or senior root, simple existence with Tata Nano. Housewife or mother can move to market or anyplace by Tata Nano best than motorcycle or by motorbus for their total day-to-day issue more efficiently. When, the ladies obtain this news, they pass on others very instantly. This will support the company in boosting Tata Nano efficiently in the native com munity. At the road display, people also can obtain the knowledge regarding Tata Nano by having the chances to drive the Tata Nano motor-car. 7. Future Research To be successful, Tata Nano would be required to spend a handful of time in researching its target market. Firstly, it would be required to indentify what information is needed about its target audience, secondly, it is required to collect the essential data and finally to analyse the information which in return would help Tata Nano with its decision making. It is agreed that it is a matter of indentifying and understanding the customers choices, thoughts and behaviors which would play a large part in successfully launching its new product. Using the data collected, Tata Nano would be able to adjust or mould its product to make it most suitable for the customers experience. For the most effective approach, Tata Nano would be required to take a methodological approach to market research including qualitative and quantitative research. A qualitative approach could include the interviews of target consumers to see what opinions on the product are, this is normally done on a small scale to give a detailed response. A Quantitative approach would include random sampling of the target audience in the form of surveys or questionnaires. A mix of both forms of research should give them the information and knowledge to penetrate the market with their new product.

The Comedy of Hamlet Essay -- Character Analysis, Polonius,Gertrude, C

How does the use of comic relief best contrast the tragedy of Hamlet? In great works of literature a comic relief is used as contrast to a serious scene to intensify the overall tragic nature of the play or to relieve tension. As illustrated in Shakespeare’s tragedy Hamlet, intense scenes are joined with character’s banter and vacuous actions as to add a comic relief. In Hamlet, Polonius acts as a comic relief by his dull and windy personality, Hamlet uses his intelligence and his negativity toward the king and queen to create humor, while on the other hand Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are a comic relief by their senseless actions and naà ¯ve natures. Polonius, Hamlet, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are all used as a comic relief to increase the ultimate tragic nature of the play. Polonius is a comic relief because of his self-absorbed, dull personality. Polonius is over-eager and tries to give unwanted advice, during the play he is tactless and often rude. For instance, Polonius is a comic relief during his conversation with Gertrude and Claudius regarding Hamlet’s madness. Polonius rambling through his conversation contrasts with Gertrude’s seriousness of wanting to find out the reason to Hamlet’s madness. As Polonius begins to deliver to the king and queen the results of his investigation, he makes this statement, â€Å"My liege, and madam, to expostulate/ What majesty should be, what duty is,/ What day is day, night is night, and time is time,/ Were nothing but to waste night, day, and time;/ Therefore, since brevity is the soul of wit,/ And tediousness the limbs and outward flourishes,/ I will be brief. Your noble son is mad. . . .†(IIii,86-92) . Polonius’ speech is windy and nonsensical he wastes ti... ...d that he's been insulted for being stupid. Hamlet uses his intelligence and morbid sense of humor to portray the show how sad the play really is. In conclusion, a comic relief is used to relieve tension and to contrast serious scenes to increase the ultimate tragic nature of the play. Polonius uses his self absorbed dull personality to create humor in his scenes. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern act as the fool by their tactless actions and dialogue, their lightheartedness makes the tragic parts of the play seem all the more tragic. And finally Hamlet uses his morbid humor to intensify scenes of sorrow while he also bitterly teases others to relieve tensions at times. The comic relief in Shakespeare’s Hamlet contrasts intense scenes as to make them more intense. work Cited Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Ed. Harold Jenkins. London: Methuen, 1982. Print.

Assignment Analysis of Ethical Dilemma Essay

This document contains PSYCH 610 Week 2 Learning Team Assignment Analysis of Ethical Dilemma Psychology – General Psychology Read the following scenario: A well-known researcher at a major university has two graduate student assistants. He conducts three studies in his laboratory, all of which involve very labor-intensive procedures. The graduate research assistants complete all of the data collection. They also assist in writing the Discussion section of the final article, adding their thoughts and suggestions to the various drafts. The article is accepted into a leading journal for publication. The primary researcher lists only himself as author of the article, claiming that he wrote at least 75% of the final paper. Write a 300- to 500-word discussion of the following: Describe the ethical consideration(s) with the scenario. Has the primary researcher committed an ethical violation? Use the appropriate section of the APA Ethical Principles of Psychologists to justify your response. Format consistent with APA guidelines. To help you be successful in college talk with graduates from the college. This can include friends and family members. They will be able to offer advice such as which courses you should take and which ones are unnecessary. By employing the help of those who have attended the college you are going to, you can rest assured they will steer you in the right direction.

Ways to Promote a Sustainable Living

Ways to promote a sustainable living What is sustainable living? Sustainable living is to live in way to those values and respects the natural systems and species that co-exist on this earth by reducing the usage of Earth’s natural resources. A sustainable society can protect the future generations without the depletion of our Earth’s natural resources and coexistence with the flora and fauna. Sustainable design and sustainable developments are the main factors to sustainable living. First of all, we should educate the younger ones about the importance of living sustainably. The government can enforce a new curriculum to the school whereby the students will be educated and examined on the understanding of sustainable living. Moreover educational internships can be offered by nonprofit organization or government so that our young and bright generation can contribute to sustainable development and sustainable design. Secondly, we could also encourage the citizens to conserve water, electricity, petrol, reduction the emission of greenhouse gas at home. For example, after washing the rice, the water could be used to water the plants. Moreover, use the dish washer and washing machine whenever possible as it can save water. Citizens should car pool more often or finding alternative ways of transport such as bus, light rail transit, bicycle or monorail as it will be able to reduce the usage of petrol and the emission of carbon dioxide into the environment. Furthermore, people are encouraged to fix solar power on their rooftop as it uses the sunlight which is a renewable resource to generate electricity for the entire household. Thirdly, changing the way we eat also helps to promote a sustainable living. This is because the industrial meat production also involves high environmental costs such as soil erosion, land degradation and depletion of natural resources. Reducing the meat consumption by eating more vegetables will be able to reduce the environmentally industrial meat production. Beside this, urban gardening and organic farming should be introduce and promoted to all the citizens as it does need to use tremendous applications of nitrogen fertilizer to grow plants. Growing more plants at the backyard of your house will also encourage the citizens to eat more organic plants instead of meat. Finally, nonprofit organization can host and sponsors special events throughout the year, with festival, conferences and community gathering. For example we have campaigns such as Go Green which encourages people to use recyclable bags instead of using plastic bags, Earth Day whereby for a certain period of time we will switch of the usage electricity of the whole house. Moreover, nonprofit organization should provide resource center with information about the events in the area that promote sustainable living. Knowledge is power and enables the consumer to make wiser choices and to re-create their life and achieve sustainable living without losing comfort and joy. The earth needs a change, the world is hurting because of over usage and because of unwise decisions of humanity.